See penmanship on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "pen",
"4": "-manship",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish pen\nProto-Indo-European *mon-\nProto-Germanic *mann-\nProto-West Germanic *mann\nOld English mann\nMiddle English man\nMiddle English -man\nEnglish -man\nProto-Germanic *skapjaną\nProto-Germanic *-skapiz\nProto-West Germanic *-skapi\nOld English -sċiepe\nMiddle English -schipe\nEnglish -ship\nEnglish -manship\nEnglish penmanship\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mann-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mann\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"mann\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"man\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-man\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-man\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*skapjaną\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-skapiz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-skapi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-sċiepe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-schipe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ship\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-manship\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"penmanship\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"penmanship\">\nFrom pen + -manship.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish pen\nProto-Indo-European *mon-\nProto-Germanic *mann-\nProto-West Germanic *mann\nOld English mann\nMiddle English man\nMiddle English -man\nEnglish -man\nProto-Germanic *skapjaną\nProto-Germanic *-skapiz\nProto-West Germanic *-skapi\nOld English -sċiepe\nMiddle English -schipe\nEnglish -ship\nEnglish -manship\nEnglish penmanship\nFrom pen + -manship.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penmanships",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "penmanship (usually uncountable, plural penmanships)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penwomanship"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penpersonship"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -manship",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of handwriting or chirography, one's own style of writing."
],
"id": "en-penmanship-en-noun-OmUXzY8Z",
"links": [
[
"handwriting",
"handwriting#English"
],
[
"chirography",
"chirography#English"
],
[
"one",
"one"
],
[
"own",
"own"
],
[
"style",
"style"
],
[
"writing",
"writing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "handwriting or chirography"
},
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "one's own style of writing"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -manship",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of calligraphy, the art of beautiful writing."
],
"id": "en-penmanship-en-noun-GA4eAAG~",
"links": [
[
"calligraphy",
"calligraphy#English"
],
[
"art",
"art"
],
[
"beautiful",
"beautiful"
],
[
"writing",
"writing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the art of beautiful writing",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "calligraphy"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"word": "penmanship"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mon-",
"English terms suffixed with -manship",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "pen",
"4": "-manship",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish pen\nProto-Indo-European *mon-\nProto-Germanic *mann-\nProto-West Germanic *mann\nOld English mann\nMiddle English man\nMiddle English -man\nEnglish -man\nProto-Germanic *skapjaną\nProto-Germanic *-skapiz\nProto-West Germanic *-skapi\nOld English -sċiepe\nMiddle English -schipe\nEnglish -ship\nEnglish -manship\nEnglish penmanship\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mann-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mann\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"mann\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"man\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-man\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-man\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*skapjaną\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-skapiz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-skapi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-sċiepe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-schipe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ship\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-manship\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"penmanship\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"penmanship\">\nFrom pen + -manship.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish pen\nProto-Indo-European *mon-\nProto-Germanic *mann-\nProto-West Germanic *mann\nOld English mann\nMiddle English man\nMiddle English -man\nEnglish -man\nProto-Germanic *skapjaną\nProto-Germanic *-skapiz\nProto-West Germanic *-skapi\nOld English -sċiepe\nMiddle English -schipe\nEnglish -ship\nEnglish -manship\nEnglish penmanship\nFrom pen + -manship.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penmanships",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "penmanship (usually uncountable, plural penmanships)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "penwomanship"
},
{
"word": "penpersonship"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Synonym of handwriting or chirography, one's own style of writing."
],
"links": [
[
"handwriting",
"handwriting#English"
],
[
"chirography",
"chirography#English"
],
[
"one",
"one"
],
[
"own",
"own"
],
[
"style",
"style"
],
[
"writing",
"writing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "handwriting or chirography"
},
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "one's own style of writing"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Synonym of calligraphy, the art of beautiful writing."
],
"links": [
[
"calligraphy",
"calligraphy#English"
],
[
"art",
"art"
],
[
"beautiful",
"beautiful"
],
[
"writing",
"writing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the art of beautiful writing",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "calligraphy"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"word": "penmanship"
}
Download raw JSONL data for penmanship meaning in All languages combined (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.